Cones
Pines come mostly monoecious, having a male & female cones on the same tree, though two or three metal money come sub-dioecious with individuals preponderantly, but not whole, only-sex. the male cones come little, unremarkably One-Five cm yearn, & exclusively present for a short time period (usually withwithin spring, though fall in two or three pines), falling when soon when it stand shed their pollen. A female cones require Ace.Five-Three years (based in metal money) to mature fallowing pollination, with actual fertilization delayed a single month. At maturity a cones come Three-60 cm yearn. From from each one one cone has many spirally ordered scales, by having 2 seeds in each fertile shell; a scales at a base & tip of the cone come little & infertile, forswearing seeds. the seeds come mostly little & winged, & come anemophilous (wind-dispersed), however a select few come big & use merely a rudimentary wing, & come bird-dispersed (see in the image below). At maturity, a cones commonly open to release a seeds, however inside occasionally of the bird-dispersed metal money (e.g. Whitebark Pine), a seeds come sole freed per bird breaking the cones open. Within others, a fire climax pines, a seeds come stored around closed cones for several years until a outdoors fire kills a parent tree; a stored seeds come so freed around vast totals to re-people the burnt ground.

Ecology
Pines develop swell around acid soils, some likewise in chalky soils; virtually all need skillful soil drain, preferring arenaceous soils, however two or three, e.g. Lodgepole Pine, will tolerate ill drained not dry soils. Two or three come take a breath to sprout fallowing outdoors fires, e.g. Canary Island Pine. A few coinage of pines, e.g. Bishop Pine, need fire to regenerate & their populations slowly decline under attack suppression regimes. Many mintage come adapted to extreme conditions imposed by elevation & latitude; understand e.g. Siberian Dwarf Pine, Mountain Pine, Whitebark Pine and the bristlecone pines. A pinyon pines and the total of others, notably Turkish Pine, are particularly swell adapted to incubation within hot, dry semi-desert climates.

A seeds are commonly eaten by birds and squirrels. A few birds, notably a Spotted Nutcracker, Clark's Nutcracker and Pinyon Jay, are of importance in distributing pine seeds to new areas where they can grow. Pine needles come for instance eaten by occasionally Lepidoptera species including Pine Processionary, Bordered White (also referred to as Pine Looper), Pine Beauty and Scalloped Hazel, and likewise a Symphytan species Pine Sawfly.

Classification of Pines
Pines come divided into 3 subgenera, according to cone, seed & leaf characters: 'Subgenus Strobus (white or even easy pines). Cone shell forswearing the waterproofing band. Umbo terminal. Seedwings adnate. A single fibrovascular bundle by the leaf. Subgenus Ducampopinus (pinon, houhere & bristlecone pines). Cone shell while forgoing the waterproofing band. Umbo dorsal. Seedwings articulate. Of these fibrovascular bundle by the leaf. Subgenus Pinus''' (yellowness or even difficult pines). Cone shell by owning the waterproofing band. Umbo dorsal. Seedwings articulate. Both fibrovascular bundles by the leaf.

For additional details, view Pinus classification (under construction).

List of pines by region
Old World
;Europe & Mediterranean region (some extend into Asia): P. brutia - Turkish Pine P. canariensis - Canary Island Pine P. cembra - Swiss Pine P. halepensis - Aleppo Pine P. heldreichii - Bosnian Pine P. mugo - Mountain Pine P. nigra - European Black Pine or Austrian Pine P. peuce - Macedonian Pine P. pinaster - Maritime Pine P. pinea - Stone Pine P. sylvestris - Scots Pine

;Asia: P. amamiana - Yakushima White Pine P. armandii - Chinese White Pine P. bhutanica - Bhutan White Pine P. bungeana - Lacebark Pine P. dalatensis - Vietnamese White Pine P. densata - Sikang Pine P. densiflora - Japanese Red Pine P. eremitana - North Vietnam White Pine P. fenzeliana - Hainan White Pine P. fragilissima - Wulu Pine P. gerardiana - Chilgoza Pine P. henryi'' - Henry's Pine P. hwangshanensis - Huangshan Pine P. kesiya - Khasi Pine P. koraiensis - Korean Pine P. krempfii - Krempf's Pine P. latteri - Tenasserim Pine P. luchuensis - Luchu Pine P. massoniana - Masson's Pine P. merkusii - Sumatran Pine P. morrisonicola - Taiwan White Pine P. orthophylla - Wuzhi Shan White Pine P. parviflora - Japanese White Pine P. pumila - Siberian Dwarf Pine P. roxburghii - Chir Pine P. sibirica - Siberian Pine P. squamata - Qiaojia Pine P. tabuliformis - Chinese Red Pine P. taiwanensis - Taiwan Red Pine P. thunbergii - Japanese Black Pine P. uyematsui - Uyematsu White Pine P. wallichiana - Blue Pine P. wangii (syn. P. kwangtungensis) - Guangdong White Pine P. yunnanensis - Yunnan Pine

New World
;Canada & United states, except for areas some a Mexican border: P. albicaulis - Whitebark Pine P. aristata - Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine P. attenuata - Knobcone Pine P. balfouriana - Foxtail Pine P. banksiana - Jack Pine P. clausa - Sand Pine P. contorta - Lodgepole Pine P. coulteri - Coulter Pine P. echinata - Shortleaf Pine P. edulis - Colorado Pinyon P. elliottii - Slash Pine P. flexilis - Limber Pine P. glabra - Spruce Pine P. jeffreyi - Jeffrey Pine P. lambertiana - Sugar Pine P. longaeva - Great Basin Bristlecone Pine P. monophylla - Single-leaf Pinyon P. monticola - Western White Pine P. muricata - Bishop Pine P. palustris - Longleaf Pine P. western yellow pine (syn. P. washoensis) - Ponderosa Pine P. pungens - Table Mountain Pine P. radiata - Monterey Pine or Radiata Pine P. reflexa - Southwestern White Pine P. remota - Texas Pinyon or Papershell Pinyon P. resinosa - Red Pine P. rigida - Pitch Pine P. sabineana - Gray Pine, Foothill Pine or Digger Pine P. serotina - Pond Pine P. strobus - Eastern White Pine P. taeda - Loblolly Pine P. torreyana - Torrey Pine P. virginiana - Virginia Pine

;Southern Arizona & New Mexico, Mexico, Central America & Caribbean: P. apulcensis - Apulco Pine P. arizonica - Arizona Pine P. ayacahuite - Mexican White Pine P. caribaea - Caribbean Pine P. cembroides - Mexican Pinyon P. chiapensis - Chiapas White Pine P. cooperi - Cooper's Pine P. cubensis - Cuban Pine P. culminicola - Potosi Pinyon P. devoniana (syn. P. michoacana) - Michoacan Pine P. durangensis - Durango Pine P. engelmannii - Apache Pine P. estevezii - Estevez's Pine P. gordoniana (syn. P. douglasiana) - Gordon's Pine P. greggii - Gregg's Pine P. hartwegii - Hartweg's Pine P. herrerae - Herrera's Pine P. hondurensis (syn. P. caribaea volt-ampere. hondurensis) - Honduras Pine P. jaliscana - Jalisco Pine P. johannis - Johann's Pinyon P. lawsonii - Lawson's Pine P. leiophylla - Chihuahua Pine P. lumholtzii - Lumholtz's Pine P. maximartinezii - Big-cone Pinyon P. maximinoi (syn. P. tenuifolia) - Thinleaf Pine P. montezumae - Montezuma Pine P. nelsonii - Nelson's Pinyon P. occidentalis - Hispaniolan Pine P. oocarpa - Egg-cone Pine P. patula - Patula Pine P. orizabensis - Orizaba Pinyon P. pinceana - Weeping Pinyon P. praetermissa - McVaugh's Pine P. pringlei - Pringle's Pine P. pseudostrobus - Smooth-bark Mexican Pine P. quadrifolia - Parry Pinyon P. rzedowskii - Rzedowski's Pine P. strobiformis - Chihuahua White Pine P. tecunumanii - Tecun Uman Pine P. teocote - Ocote Pine P. tropicalis - Tropical Pine

Name origins
A modern English name pine derives from Latin Pinus by way of French pin; similar names come utilized around more Romance languages. It used to be that (pre-19th century) it were typically referred to as fir, from either Old Norse fyrre, by way of Middle English firre. A Old Norse title is however utilized for pines withwithin a select few modern in the north European languages: in Danish, fyr, in Nowegian, furu, and Föhre within area of Germany, but around modern English, "fir" is currently restricted to Abies and Pseudotsuga. More unrelated European list include German Kiefer (the virtually all widely utilized title around Germany), Swedish tall, Dutch den, Finnish mänty, Russian sosna, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croat bor, and Greek pitys. Within Chinese it is song, in Japanese matsu, and within Korean it is Sonamu. Within Hebrew it is oren.

Uses
Commercial planting of young Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)

Pines come commercially among a first of coinage utilized for timber in temperate & tropical regions of the globe. Numerous come grown as a source of wood pulp for paper manufacture. This is because it is convenient-aggressive softwoods that can be planted inside comparatively heavy stands, & because their acid decaying needles can inhibit a incubation of more competing plants in the cropping areas. The average lesson is Pinus radiata. A resin of some mintage is significant when a source of turpentine. A select few mintage stand big seeds, called pine nuts, that are harvested & sold for cooking & baking. A few pines come utilized for Christmas trees, and pine cones come too widely utilized for christmas decorations. Numerous pines come likewise super attractive decorative trees deep-seated around parks and big gardens. The heavy total of dwarf cultivars have been selected, suitable for planting inside smaller gardens.

Pine plantations can be at chance of fire damage because pine rosin is inflammable pertinent of the tree existence explosive under a few conditions.

Nutritional use
Pines come easily-known survival food plants. A easy, damp, whiten inner bark, or even cambium, found clinging to the dead, woody outer bark is edible & super high inside nutrients A and C. It may be dine around slices raw as the collation or even dried & ground higher into a powder for apply as a thickener/flavoring in stews, soups, & more nutrients. the bunches of immature green cones incurred at a finishes of branches produce a tasty, sound hike bite. The teThe manufactured by steeping immature, green pine needles withinside boiling water supply is delicious & high in nutrients A & 100.